Caffeine

Caffeine is a natural stimulant most commonly found in coffee, tea, energy drinks, and some medications. It works by stimulating the central nervous system, helping to increase alertness and reduce fatigue. In medicine, it is often used to treat headaches, enhance pain relief, and manage certain types of apnea in newborns.

Uses

• To reduce fatigue and drowsiness
• To enhance mental alertness
• As an adjunct in pain relief medications (e.g., for headaches or migraines)
• For treatment of apnea of prematurity in newborns

How it works

Caffeine works by blocking adenosine receptors in the brain. Adenosine is a chemical that promotes sleep and relaxation. By inhibiting its action, caffeine increases levels of other neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, which stimulate the brain and improve alertness and focus.

Benefits

• Increases wakefulness and concentration
• Improves physical performance and endurance
• Relieves headache when combined with analgesics
• Stimulates breathing in premature infants

How to take

Caffeine is typically taken orally in the form of tablets, capsules, or liquids. It is also present in many beverages. Dosage should be based on age, condition being treated, and response to therapy. In infants, it is administered in controlled doses under medical supervision.

Type of Dosage Available

• Tablets
• Capsules
• Oral solutions
• Intravenous injection (in hospital settings for neonates)

Side effects

• Insomnia
• Nervousness or anxiety
• Increased heart rate
• Stomach irritation
• Tremors
• Headache
• Increased urination

Safety advice

• Limit daily caffeine intake to avoid side effects
• Use cautiously in people with heart problems or anxiety disorders
• Avoid late-day consumption to prevent sleep disturbances
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women should consult a doctor before use
• Keep out of reach of children

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q. What is caffeine used for medically?
A. Caffeine is used to increase alertness, reduce fatigue, and treat certain types of headaches and apnea in newborns.

Q. Is caffeine addictive?
A. Caffeine can lead to dependence in some individuals, causing withdrawal symptoms like headache and fatigue if stopped suddenly.

Q. Can caffeine affect sleep?
A. Yes, caffeine can cause insomnia or reduce sleep quality if consumed too close to bedtime.

Q. Is caffeine safe during pregnancy?
A. Moderate caffeine intake is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but it’s best to consult a healthcare provider.

Q. Can children consume caffeine?
A. It's best to limit caffeine intake in children, as they may be more sensitive to its stimulating effects.