Efavirenz

Introduction

Efavirenz is an antiretroviral medication primarily used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. It belongs to a class of drugs known as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). Efavirenz works by reducing the amount of virus in the body, thus helping the immune system to function better. It is commonly used in combination with other HIV medicines to prevent the virus from multiplying and to slow the progression of the disease. Efavirenz is widely prescribed as part of initial antiretroviral therapy due to its effectiveness and once-daily dosing.

Uses of Efavirenz

• Treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults and children over 3 months of age
• Part of combination antiretroviral therapy
• Used to prevent HIV transmission and progression

How Efavirenz works

Efavirenz blocks the action of reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that HIV needs to multiply in the body. By inhibiting this enzyme, it reduces the virus’s ability to reproduce and lowers the viral load in the bloodstream, helping to manage the infection effectively.

Benefits of Efavirenz

• Effectively controls HIV infection
• Once-daily dosing improves compliance
• Slows disease progression and improves quality of life
• Reduces the risk of HIV-related complications

How to take Efavirenz

Efavirenz should be taken once daily on an empty stomach, preferably at bedtime to reduce side effects such as dizziness or vivid dreams. Follow your doctor’s dosage instructions carefully and do not skip doses. It should always be taken in combination with other antiretroviral medications to ensure its effectiveness.

Type of Dosage Available

• Efavirenz 200 mg capsule
• Efavirenz 600 mg tablet
• Fixed-dose combinations with other antiretrovirals

Side effects of Efavirenz

• Dizziness
• Headache
• Insomnia or abnormal dreams
• Rash
• Fatigue
• Mood changes (depression, anxiety)
• Liver enzyme elevations
• Seizures (rare)

Safety Advice

• Not recommended during pregnancy unless advised by a doctor
• Avoid alcohol as it may increase side effects
• Inform your doctor about any mental health issues
• Monitor liver function regularly during treatment
• May cause dizziness—avoid driving or operating machinery

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: What is Efavirenz used for?
A: Efavirenz is used for the treatment of HIV-1 infection as part of combination antiretroviral therapy.

Q: Can Efavirenz cure HIV?
A: No, Efavirenz does not cure HIV but helps manage and control the virus effectively.

Q: When should Efavirenz be taken?
A: It is best taken on an empty stomach, preferably at bedtime to minimize side effects.

Q: Is Efavirenz safe during pregnancy?
A: Efavirenz is generally not recommended during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. Consult your doctor before use.

Q: Can Efavirenz be taken with other medications?
A: Inform your doctor about all medications you're taking as Efavirenz may interact with other drugs.