Nivolumab

Nivolumab is an immunotherapy drug used in the treatment of various cancers such as lung cancer, melanoma, kidney cancer, and others. It belongs to a class of medicines called immune checkpoint inhibitors and works by boosting the body's immune system to fight cancer cells. Nivolumab is generally prescribed when other treatment options like chemotherapy or radiation have not been fully effective. It is given as an intravenous infusion under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

Uses of Nivolumab

• Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
• Melanoma (skin cancer)
• Kidney (renal cell) cancer
• Hodgkin's lymphoma
• Bladder cancer
• Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
• Liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma)
• Esophageal and gastric cancer

How Nivolumab Works

Nivolumab blocks the PD-1 protein on T-cells, preventing cancer cells from evading immune attack. This reactivates the immune response, helping the body recognize and destroy cancer cells.

Benefits of Nivolumab

• Enhances the immune system to fight cancer naturally
• Effective for multiple advanced-stage cancers
• Prolongs survival in certain cancer types
• Offers a treatment option when chemotherapy fails
• Non-chemotherapy based approach with unique action

How to Take Nivolumab

Nivolumab is administered as an intravenous infusion in a clinical setting. The dosage and duration depend on the type and stage of cancer, body weight, and treatment response. It is typically given every 2 to 4 weeks.

Types of Dosage Available

• Nivolumab injection (concentrate for infusion)
• Available in vials of different strengths (e.g., 40mg, 100mg, 240mg)

Side Effects of Nivolumab

Common side effects:

• Fatigue
• Nausea
• Rash
• Loss of appetite
• Muscle or joint pain

Serious side effects (immune-related):

• Inflammation of lungs (pneumonitis)
• Colitis (bowel inflammation)
• Hepatitis (liver inflammation)
• Hormonal gland problems (thyroid, adrenal, pituitary)
• Kidney inflammation

Safety Advice

• Not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Inform your doctor of any immune disorders or organ transplants
• Regular blood tests required to monitor organ functions
• May interact with other cancer therapies—discuss all medications
• Seek immediate help for symptoms like chest pain, breathing issues, or severe diarrhea

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: What is Nivolumab used for?
A: Nivolumab is used to treat several types of cancers including lung, kidney, melanoma, bladder, and others by enhancing the immune response.

Q: How is Nivolumab administered?
A: It is given as an intravenous infusion by a healthcare provider in a hospital or clinic.

Q: Can Nivolumab cure cancer?
A: It does not cure cancer but can help control and slow its progression, improving survival in some cases.

Q: How long do I need to take Nivolumab?
A: The duration varies based on cancer type and treatment response. Your doctor will monitor and decide the course.

Q: Is Nivolumab better than chemotherapy?
A: It works differently and may be more effective in certain cancers or when chemotherapy has failed. It’s often used alone or in combination with other treatments.