Sulphadoxine

Introduction

Sulphadoxine is an antibiotic medicine commonly used in combination with other drugs to treat and prevent malaria. It is particularly effective against Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite responsible for the most severe form of malaria. Sulphadoxine is usually prescribed with pyrimethamine to increase its effectiveness. It works by stopping the growth of the parasite in the blood. This medicine plays a vital role in malaria-endemic areas, especially where resistance to other treatments is high.

Uses of Sulphadoxine

• Treatment of uncomplicated malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum
• Prevention of malaria in high-risk areas
• Sometimes used for toxoplasmosis in combination therapies

How Sulphadoxine works

Sulphadoxine inhibits the synthesis of dihydrofolic acid in the malaria parasite, which is essential for its DNA replication and survival. When used with pyrimethamine, it disrupts two steps in the folic acid pathway, making the combination highly effective against malaria-causing parasites.

Benefits of Sulphadoxine

• Effective treatment against chloroquine-resistant malaria
• Can be used for both treatment and prevention
• Long-acting drug with prolonged protection
• Often used in combination for enhanced effectiveness

How to take Sulphadoxine

Sulphadoxine should be taken exactly as prescribed by your doctor, usually as a single dose or short course. It is often combined with pyrimethamine in a fixed-dose tablet. Take it with or without food and drink plenty of fluids. Do not skip doses or stop early unless advised by your healthcare provider.

Type of Dosage Available

• Tablet form (often combined with pyrimethamine)
• Oral suspension (less common)

Side effects of Sulphadoxine

• Nausea or vomiting
• Skin rash or itching
• Dizziness or headache
• Allergic reactions (rare but serious)
• Blood disorders like anemia (in rare cases)

Safety advice

• Not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy unless necessary
• Avoid use in individuals with known sulfa drug allergies
• Use with caution in patients with liver or kidney disease
• Regular monitoring may be required in long-term use
• Keep out of reach of children and store in a cool, dry place

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: What is Sulphadoxine used for?
A: Sulphadoxine is primarily used to treat and prevent malaria, especially in combination with pyrimethamine.

Q: Can Sulphadoxine be taken during pregnancy?
A: It should be used during pregnancy only when clearly needed and prescribed by a doctor, especially in the first trimester.

Q: Is Sulphadoxine an antibiotic?
A: Yes, Sulphadoxine is a sulfonamide antibiotic used to combat parasitic infections like malaria.

Q: Can I take Sulphadoxine if I am allergic to sulfa drugs?
A: No, you should avoid Sulphadoxine if you have a sulfa allergy. Always inform your doctor about your allergies.

Q: How long does Sulphadoxine stay in the body?
A: Sulphadoxine has a long half-life and can remain active in the body for several days, offering extended protection.